The Mediterranean library of knowledge
Explore the ENI CBC Med Programme's library of deliverables: a comprehensive digital repository of diverse resources tailored for the Mediterranean region. Discover in-depth studies, innovative strategies, and practical tools spanning tools addressing key environmental, economic, and social issues. The library is your go-to source to find valuable knowledge to inspire new collaborative projects driving fair, sustainable and inclusive development across the Mediterranean.
3.7.1_Co-publication Fatty Acid and Phenolic Profiles of Virgin Olive Oils from Local and European Varieties Planted in Lebanon
In Lebanon, olive oil is an integral part of its history and culinary traditions. However, the quality of this product, originating from different growing regions of the country, is rarely addressed. The objectives of this study were to compare the fatty acids and phenolic profiles of virgin olive oils produced from two local and eight European varieties, and to use these profiles as a tool for their characterization. Seventy-six samples were collected from two olive-growing regions of Lebanon and at two harvesting times. Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, total phenols was determined by spectrophotometry and individual phenols by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. All samples were also analysed using near infrared spectroscopy. The experimental data were collected in numerical matrices and treated by chemometric methods. The results showed the significant effect of the geographical origin, the olive variety and the harvesting time on the ripening and industrial yield of the olives and on the major fatty acids and phenols of olive oil. Moreover, the used chemometric methods allowed the discrimination of European olive varieties based on their high contents of oleic acid, oleacein and oleocanthal.
3.1.7_Policy Assessment grazed woodlands in Europe, Lebanon and Jordan
Silvo-pastoral systems have significantly contributed in shaping the landscapes of the Mediterranean basin. These systems vary widely according to the differing climatic, cultural and socio-economic conditions under which they are developed playing sheep and goats a crucial role in the farming economy of the Mediterranean basin thanks to their ability to exploit marginal areas, and as well for the limited labour and capital required for their management (Porqueddu et al., 2017). These farming systems have been shown to be resilient to frequent but moderate disturbance factors (i.e. deforestation, periodic fires and grazing) by developing strategies to maximize production of multiple goods and ecosystem services over several millennia (Zapata and Robledano, 2014). The report analyses policies supporting silvo-pastoral systems in Europe and Jordan as well as pastoralism in Lebanon.
3.1.6_Policy Assessment multifunctional olive systems EU level
The report aims to highlight how European agricultural policies promote agroforestry systems (section 1 and 2) and support the olive sector across the EU (section 3). The report is based on the consultation of relevant papers (project reports, scientific literature, European Commission documents) dealing with agricultural policies in Europe. The first part of the report (section 1) focuses on the definition of agroforestry systems and on the extent of agroforestry practices across Europe. In particular, the report aims to highlight the discrepancy between the scientific definition of agroforestry (that includes both trees and shrubs in combination with crops and or livestock) and the definition that was initially receipted by European policy (that included only trees on arable lands, Reg. 1698/2005). This is an important legal aspect, under the political point of view, since agroforestry is usually seen on the border between the agriculture and forestry sectors creating conflicts and confusion among the stakeholder communities, in particular policy makers at different levels (national, regional and local). Section 2 of the report aims to assess the Common Agricultural Policy (2007-2013 and 2014-2020 programming periods) tools and measures promoting the establishment and management of agroforestry systems.
2.8.2_Catalogue of innovations grazed woodlands Lebanon
Having identified potentially useful innovations for Mediterranean grazed woodlands, the partners of LIVINGAGRO project developed a dedicated Catalogue intended to provide an overview of some of the innovations that may be useful to stakeholders involved with grazed woodlands in order to help bring together economic stakeholders and innovators who may be able to collaborate to solve common problems. This activity included assessing the stage of readiness of a potential innovation in Lebanon, as well as which type of challenges it addresses.
Taking into consideration the needs expressed by Lebanese stakeholders, the research team of the Regional Forest Agency for Land and Environment of Sardinia (Fo.Re.S.T.A.S.) in collaboration with the Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI) and their technical teams reviewed the information provided. Following this review, the working group went back to the innovators to address questions and fill in gaps, then incorporated the responses into the innovation descriptions. The Catalogue includes innovations related to restoration and valorising landscapes and other ecosystems services and agronomy for sustainable agroforestry systems.
2.8.2_Catalogue of innovations grazed woodlands Jordan
Having identified potentially useful innovations for Mediterranean grazed woodlands, the partners of LIVINGAGRO project developed a dedicated Catalogue intended to provide an overview of some of the innovations that may be useful to stakeholders involved with grazed woodlands in order to help bring together economic stakeholders and innovators who may be able to collaborate to solve common problems. This activity included assessing the stage of readiness of a potential innovation in Jordan, as well as which type of challenges it addresses.
Taking into consideration the needs expressed by Jordan stakeholders, the research team of the Regional Forest Agency for Land and Environment of Sardinia (Fo.Re.S.T.A.S.) in collaboration with the National Agricultural Research Center of Jordan (NARC) and their technical teams reviewed the information provided. Following this review, the working group went back to the innovators to address questions and fill in gaps, then incorporated the responses into the innovation descriptions. The Catalogue includes innovations related to restoration and valorising landscapes and other ecosystems services and agronomy for sustainable agroforestry systems.
2.8.1_Catalogue of innovations multifunctional olive systems & grazed woodlands Greece
Having identified potentially useful innovations for Mediterranean multifunctional olive systems and grazed woodlands, the partners of LIVINGAGRO project developed a dedicated Catalogue intended to provide an overview of some of the innovations that may be useful to stakeholders involved with multifunctional olive systems and grazed woodlands, in order to help bring together economic stakeholders and innovators who may be able to collaborate to solve common problems. This activity included assessing the stage of readiness of a potential innovation in Greece, as well as which type of challenges it addresses.
Taking into consideration the needs expressed by Greek stakeholders, the research team of the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh) and the technical team reviewed the information provided. Following this review, the working group went back to the innovators to address questions and fill in gaps, then incorporated the responses into the innovation descriptions. The Catalogue includes innovations related to intercropping in olive groves, precision agriculture, machinery, health benefit determination, olive tree and olive oil authentication, preparation for climate change and re-use of traditional practices in agroforestry.
2.8.1_Catalogue of innovations multifunctional olive systems Lebanon
Having identified potentially useful innovations for Mediterranean multifunctional olive systems, the partners of LIVINGAGRO project developed a dedicated Catalogue intended to provide an overview of some of the innovations that may be useful to stakeholders involved with multifunctional olive systems in order to help bring together economic stakeholders and innovators who may be able to collaborate to solve common problems. This activity included assessing the stage of readiness of a potential innovation in Lebanon, as well as which type of challenges it addresses.
Taking into consideration the needs expressed by Lebanese stakeholders, the research team of the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania (MAICh) in collaboration with the Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI) and their technical teams reviewed the information provided. Following this review, the working group went back to the innovators to address questions and fill in gaps, then incorporated the responses into the innovation descriptions. The Catalogue includes innovations related to precision agriculture, re-using of traditional practices in agroforestry, preparation for climate change, harvest and post-harvest managements and agronomy for sustainable agroforestry systems.
MAIA TAQA Detailed design of the pilot project - Amman
The MAIA-TAQA project focuses on developing and defining a range of innovative services in the field of resource efficiency (RE), by setting up demonstrators in 3 Mediterranean pilot areas, in Lebanon, Egypt, and Jordan. This report illustrates a pilot project implemented in Jordan with the aim of improving and upgrading the provision of power at the Jordan Chamber of Commerce (JOCC) main building in Amman by installing a Building Integrated Photovoltaic System (BIPV).
MAIA TAQA Detailed design of the pilot project - Lebanon
MAIA-TAQA has implemented demonstrator pilot projects in Lebanon, Egypt and Jordan, which have significantly advanced the cause of sustainability and resource efficiency within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Mediterranean countries. This report provides the main features of the detail design of the Lebanese pilot project in the framework of Work Package 3 (WP3) - "Development of sustainable services in the Mediterranean area".
The pilot project in Lebanon consisted of a construction of a Waste Water Treatment Plant for the Industrial Research Institute (IRI) building, and the reuse of the treated water for irrigation purposes, with the objective to fulfill the following priorities:
- Efficient system with the best quality for price ratio
- Innovative technology for treatment, monitoring of treated water &
valorisation of sludge
- Large potential of application in local context
MAIA TAQA Final Report
The MAIA-TAQA project, focused on developing and defining a range of innovative services in the field of resource efficiency (RE), has significantly advanced the cause of sustainability and resource efficiency within Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) across the Mediterranean countries and it has successfully executed demonstrator pilot projects in Lebanon, Egypt, and Jordan. The achievements of these pilot projects have been showcased through various impactful initiatives. This final report illustrates the Pilot Implementation Analysis, the impact on innovative Resource Efficiency solutions (capacity building, the Innovation One Stop Shop initiative, B2B events), highlighting the challenges and lessons learned.
MAIA-TAQA Resources Efficiency Market Assessment Report
The MAIA-TAQA project focuses on developing and defining a range of innovative services in the field of resource efficiency (RE), by setting up demonstrators in 3 Mediterranean pilot areas, in Lebanon, Egypt, and Jordan. The "Resources efficiency market assessment report" provides a comprehensive overview on the selected RE services in each pilot country, the RE market situation, the RE production state, the distribution methods, the incentive and financing methods, the challenges and barriers facing the RE services implementation and the RE prospects. The data collected and analysed show that there are significant opportunities in the three pilot countries for the development of these services. The study also shows the governments’ efforts in supporting the services through different incentives and financing mechanisms, in addition to the challenges and barriers that need to be taken into consideration to develop a well-established RE eco-system.
The MedArtSal Operational plan and guidelines for policy development
This document illustrates an Operational Plan for the development of policies for the sustainable management of Mediterranean artisanal salinas, from an Ecosystem-Based Management perspective. The purpose of the document is to develop different strategic lines that improve the sustainability of the salinas. The plan's objectives include utilising a sustainability model and identifying constraints and opportunities for implementing the model. A specific sub-operational plan has been discussed for the four MedArtSal partner countries (Lebanon, Tunisia, Italy and Spain) highlighting the primary challenges faced by artisanal salt producers in keeping salt pans in operation in a profitable and sustainable manner, as well as the potential solutions and opportunities.